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Future of Jobs and Generative AI

The advent of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT promises to transform the workplace by automating or augmenting a wide range of occupational tasks. However, a single perspective cannot fully grasp both the opportunities and risks these technologies represent across industries, workers, businesses and society. This article analyzes the World Economic Forum’s recent white paper [1] assessing the impact of LLMs on jobs through the lens of Spiral Dynamics. This integral framework reveals how different value systems perceive threats and opportunities differently. Administrative roles face disruption but efficiency gains (Blue). Innovative businesses are pressured to adopt but see new revenue potential (Orange). Vulnerable workers require support amidst job transformations (Green). Policymakers struggle to holistically analyze systemic impacts (Yellow). Realizing the benefits of LLMs requires honoring multiple worldviews, evolving processes, encouraging innovation, caring for people and conducting systems analysis. The analysis provides insights into LLMs’ multi-dimensional impacts and underscores the need for inclusive dialogue and initiatives to shape the AI-enabled future of work.

Here are the key points:

LLMs could significantly impact many jobs due to their ability to automate or augment language-based tasks, which account for an estimated 62% of work time.
The analysis assessed over 19,000 work tasks across 867 occupations to assess their LLM exposure. Tasks with high automation potential are routine and repetitive clerical/administrative tasks. Tasks with high augmentation potential require more abstract reasoning and problem-solving. Tasks with lower exposure potential emphasize interpersonal interaction.
Occupations with the highest automation potential include credit authorizers, telemarketers, statistical assistants, and tellers. Occupations with the highest augmentation potential include insurance underwriters, bioengineers, mathematicians, and editors. Occupations with lower exposure include counselors, clergy, home health aides, and lawyers.
Adopting LLMs will also likely create new roles like AI developers, content creators, interface designers, data curators, and AI ethics specialists.
The financial services and information technology industries have the overall highest potential exposure. The finance and IT functional areas also have increased exposure.
Significant alignment exists between occupations this analysis identifies as having high augmentation potential and those the Future of Jobs Report found to have high expected job growth. Similarly, occupations with high automation potential align with declining occupations.
The report concludes LLMs will transform jobs and tasks, requiring strategies by businesses and government to prepare workforces for the change through training, transition support, and social safety nets. Overall, LLMs present opportunities to raise productivity and create new jobs, if managed responsibly.

Spiral Dynamics stages

What color are you Spiral Dynamics?

Color	Beige	Purple	Red	Blue	Orange	Green	Yellow	Turquoise
In a life	Survival	Family relations	The rule of force	The power of truth	Competition	Interpersonal relations	Flexible stream	The Global vision
In a business	Own farm	Family business	Starting up a personal business	Business Process Management	Project management	Social networks	Win-Win-Win behavior	Synthesis

Here is an analysis of the World Economic Forum white paper on large language models and jobs through the lens of Spiral Dynamics stages:

Spiral Dynamics Stage	Quotes from Document
Beige	No relevant quotes
Purple	No relevant quotes
Red	No relevant quotes
Blue	"With 62% of total work time involving language-based tasks, the widespread adoption of LLMs, such as ChatGPT, could significantly impact a broad spectrum of job roles." (p.4) This reflects the blue focus on structure, process and order.
Orange	"Adopting LLMs will transform business and the nature of work, displacing some existing jobs, enhancing others and ultimately creating many new roles." (p.19) This reflects the orange drive for innovation and progress.
Green	"Governments can also partner with and support employers and educational institutions to provide training programs that prepare workers for the jobs that will grow and benefit the most from LLMs. Additionally, social safety nets and assistance in transitioning to new roles will need to be reimagined and be more precisely targeted for those most likely to be affected." (p.19) This reflects the green concern for people and relationships.
Yellow	"To assess the impact of LLMs on jobs, this paper provides an analysis of over 19,000 individual tasks across 867 occupations, assessing the potential exposure of each task to LLM adoption, classifying them as tasks that have a high potential for automation, high potential for augmentation, low potential for either or are unaffected (non-language tasks). The paper also provides an overview of new roles that are emerging due to the adoption of LLMs." (p.4) This reflects yellow's emphasis on complex systems analysis.
Turquoise	No relevant quotes

The document overall reflects blue, orange, and green worldviews, with some elements of yellow systems thinking. There are no clear expressions of the beige, purple, red or turquoise value systems. This analysis illustrates how technology impacts different aspects of society and values.

Threats

Here is an analysis of threats and affected stakeholders through the lens of Spiral Dynamics stages:

Spiral Dynamics Stage	Threats	Affected Stakeholders
Beige	No major threats identified	N/A
Purple	No major threats identified	N/A
Red	No major threats identified	N/A
Blue	Disruption of administrative processes and routines	Organizations, administrative staff
Orange	Pressure to rapidly adopt new technologies	Businesses, managers
Green	Job losses, inequality, lack of support during transition	Individual workers, marginalized groups, society
Yellow	Complexity of analyzing and managing impacts	Policy-makers, business leaders
Turquoise	No major threats identified	N/A

In summary, the blue stage is threatened by disruption of established administrative processes, the orange faces pressure to innovate, the green risks job losses and inequality, and the yellow struggles with complex systems analysis. This highlights how different worldviews perceive threats and opportunities from the same technology trend. A holistic perspective is needed to understand the range of stakeholders and design responsible policies.

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Distribution normale, par William Sealy Gosset (étudiant) r = 0.0761

Distribution non normale, par Spearman r = 0.0031

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Distribution	Non normal	Normal	Non normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
Toutes les questions Toutes les questions 1) Sécurité (combien êtes-vous d'accord ou en désaccord?) 2) Contrôle (combien êtes-vous d'accord ou en désaccord?)
1) Sécurité (combien êtes-vous d'accord ou en désaccord?)
Answer 1	-	Positif faible 0.0714	Négatif faible -0.0023	Positif faible 0.1104	Négatif faible -0.1000	Négatif faible -0.0078	Négatif faible -0.0586	Positif faible 0.0107
Answer 2	-	Positif faible 0.0258	Négatif faible -0.0001	Positif faible 0.0372	Négatif faible -0.0281	Positif faible 0.0464	Négatif faible -0.0040	Négatif faible -0.0625
Answer 3	-	Négatif faible -0.0138	Négatif faible -0.0473	Négatif faible -0.0066	Positif faible 0.0446	Négatif faible -0.0082	Négatif faible -0.0051	Positif faible 0.0179
Answer 4	-	Positif faible 0.0174	Positif faible 0.0063	Positif faible 0.0185	Négatif faible -0.0396	Négatif faible -0.0314	Négatif faible -0.0146	Positif faible 0.0477
Answer 5	-	Positif faible 0.0048	Négatif faible -0.0105	Négatif faible -0.0187	Positif faible 0.0497	Négatif faible -0.0002	Positif faible 0.0358	Négatif faible -0.0522
Answer 6	-	Négatif faible -0.0372	Négatif faible -0.0554	Négatif faible -0.0796	Positif faible 0.0789	Négatif faible -0.0094	Positif faible 0.0563	Positif faible 0.0144
Answer 7	-	Négatif faible -0.0585	Positif faible 0.1110	Négatif faible -0.0537	Négatif faible -0.0090	Positif faible 0.0021	Négatif faible -0.0089	Positif faible 0.0217
2) Contrôle (combien êtes-vous d'accord ou en désaccord?)
Answer 8	-	Positif faible 0.0304	Positif faible 0.0196	Positif faible 0.0652	Positif faible 0.0547	Négatif faible -0.0247	Négatif faible -0.0731	Négatif faible -0.0557
Answer 9	-	Positif faible 0.0084	Négatif faible -0.0265	Négatif faible -0.0412	Positif faible 0.0308	Positif faible 0.0861	Négatif faible -0.0167	Négatif faible -0.0456
Answer 10	-	Positif faible 0.0185	Négatif faible -0.0312	Négatif faible -0.0396	Négatif faible -0.0035	Négatif faible -0.0125	Positif faible 0.0487	Positif faible 0.0165
Answer 11	-	Positif faible 0.0288	Positif faible 0.0077	Positif faible 0.0098	Négatif faible -0.0583	Négatif faible -0.0077	Négatif faible -0.0158	Positif faible 0.0439
Answer 12	-	Négatif faible -0.0127	Positif faible 0.0329	Positif faible 0.0611	Positif faible 0.0343	Négatif faible -0.0691	Positif faible 0.0059	Négatif faible -0.0384
Answer 13	-	Négatif faible -0.1117	Négatif faible -0.0453	Négatif faible -0.0095	Positif faible 0.0022	Positif faible 0.0114	Positif faible 0.0787	Positif faible 0.0266
Answer 14	-	Positif faible 0.0049	Positif faible 0.0615	Négatif faible -0.0311	Négatif faible -0.0813	Négatif faible -0.0211	Positif faible 0.0014	Positif faible 0.0787

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Opportunities

Here is an analysis of opportunities and affected stakeholders through the lens of Spiral Dynamics stages:

Spiral Dynamics Stage	Opportunities	Affected Stakeholders
Beige	No major opportunities identified	N/A
Purple	No major opportunities identified	N/A
Red	No major opportunities identified	N/A
Blue	Increased efficiency of administrative processes	Organizations, administrative staff
Orange	Creation of new business models and revenue streams	Businesses, entrepreneurs
Green	Upskilling workers, maintaining an inclusive workforce	Individual workers, marginalized groups, society
Yellow	Holistic analysis of technology's impact on work	Policy-makers, business leaders
Turquoise	No major opportunities identified	N/A

In summary, blue sees opportunities for improved efficiency, orange in innovation and profit, green in supporting workers, and yellow in systems analysis. This highlights how different worldviews perceive opportunities from the same technology trend. An integral perspective is required to balance opportunities for organizations and individuals.

GAP Analysis

Here is a GAP analysis from a Spiral Dynamics perspective:

Spiral Dynamics Stage	GAP Analysis
Beige	No major gap identified
Purple	No major gap identified
Red	No major gap identified
Blue	GAP: Lacks discussion of how to evolve administrative processes rather than just making existing ones more efficient
Orange	GAP: Could provide more examples of how new business models and industries could arise from LLMs
Green	GAP: More detail is needed on programs to support workers through transitions and ensure opportunities are inclusive
Yellow	GAP: Deeper analysis required on technological impacts across education, business, and government domains
Turquoise	GAP: Holistic vision absent - how could LLMs improve society and actualization beyond business impacts?

In summary, blue could be used more on process evolution, orange on business model innovation, green on worker support, yellow on cross-domain impacts, and turquoise on realizing higher human potential. This reflects common gaps faced when new technologies are viewed primarily through one worldview lens rather than holistically. An integral perspective is needed to fully understand impacts and opportunities.

Overcome Gaps

Here are some suggested measures to overcome the gaps through the lens of Spiral Dynamics perspective:

Spiral Dynamics Stage	Suggested Measures to Overcome GAPs
Beige	N/A
Purple	N/A
Red	N/A
Blue	Conduct process redesign workshops to evolve administrative workflows
Orange	Research case studies and build scenarios describing new LLMs-enabled business models
Green	Profile reskilling programs and multi-stakeholder partnerships to support workers
Yellow	Model impacts of LLMs on education, healthcare, government, and other complex systems
Turquoise	Envision how LLMs could advance human potential and consciousness evolution

In summary, suggested measures include:

Blue: Process redesign workshops
Orange: New business model research
Green: Reskilling program profiles
Yellow: Modelling systemic impacts
Turquoise: Envisioning advancing human potential

This highlights the value of taking a holistic perspective and utilizing tools and ways of thinking from multiple stages and worldviews to fully understand and act upon the opportunities presented by emerging technologies like large language models.

Conclusion

The Spiral Dynamics framework reveals that the opportunities and threats presented by large language models are perceived differently across value systems. Blue sees potential efficiency gains but disruption of administrative routines. Orange focuses on innovation possibilities but feels pressured to rapidly adopt. Green emphasizes supporting impacted workers but risks exacerbating inequalities. Yellow provides systems analysis but grapples with complexity.

Fully realizing the benefits of large language models in the workplace and society requires transcending any worldview. An integral approach that honors multiple perspectives is needed. This includes evolving processes, encouraging innovation, caring for people, and systemic analysis. Further, a holistic vision looks beyond business impacts to how emerging technologies can advance human potential and social actualization.

By understanding these different value perspectives, businesses, policymakers, and workers can collaboratively shape the future of work in the age of artificial intelligence. A shared vision arises when stakeholders cooperate across stages of psychological and social development. This white paper provides insights into the multi-dimensional impacts of large language models across industries, occupations, and societal roles. Yet more inclusive dialogue and initiatives are needed to proactively guide this technology for the benefit of all.

[1] https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Jobs_of_Tomorrow_Generative_AI_2023.pdf

2023.10.12

Valerii Kosenko

Propriétaire de produit SaaS Pet Project SDTEST®

Valerii était qualifié en tant que pédagogue social en 1993 et a depuis appliqué ses connaissances en gestion de projet.
Valerii a obtenu une maîtrise et la qualification du projet et des gestionnaires de programme en 2013. Au cours de son programme de maîtrise, il s'est familiarisé avec la feuille de route du projet (GPM Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Projektmanagement e. V.) et Spiral Dynamics.
Valerii a passé divers tests de dynamique en spirale et a utilisé ses connaissances et son expérience pour adapter la version actuelle de SDTest.
Valerii est l'auteur de l'exploration de l'incertitude du V.U.C.A. Concept utilisant la dynamique en spirale et les statistiques mathématiques en psychologie, plus de 20 sondages internationaux.

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